PrepYodhaPrepYodhaClass Notes · English
English Grammar · Chapter 03 · Pronoun

Pronoun

A pronoun stands in for a noun so we do not have to repeat it — "Raman" becomes "he", "the book" becomes "it". A pronoun must always match the number, person and gender of the noun it replaces, and it must be in the right case (subject or object). The exam tests these choices constantly: I vs me, who vs whom, either-of + singular verb, and the correct order of pronouns. This chapter builds the types, then the rules that decide the marks.एक सर्वनाम (pronoun) संज्ञा की जगह लेता है ताकि उसे दोहराना न पड़े — "Raman" बन जाता है "he", "the book" बन जाता है "it"। सर्वनाम को उस संज्ञा के वचन, पुरुष और लिंग से मेल खाना चाहिए जिसकी वह जगह लेता है, और सही कारक (case) में होना चाहिए (कर्ता या कर्म)। परीक्षा इन्हीं चयनों को बार-बार जाँचती है: I बनाम me, who बनाम whom, either-of + एकवचन क्रिया, और सर्वनामों का सही क्रम। यह अध्याय पहले प्रकार, फिर अंक तय करने वाले नियम बनाता है।
🔁
🙋
Topic 01

Personal & Possessive Pronouns

📄
HANDWRITTEN PDF NOTES
Pronoun — downloadable PDF
Open PDF ↗Download

Personal pronouns stand for the three persons: the speaker (I, we), the person spoken to (you), and the person spoken of (he, she, it, they). Each has a subjective (subject) form and an objective (object) form. Possessive forms show ownership.पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम तीन पुरुषों के लिए आते हैं: वक्ता (I, we), श्रोता (you), और जिसकी बात हो (he, she, it, they)। हर एक का एक कर्ता रूप और एक कर्म रूप होता है। Possessive रूप स्वामित्व दिखाते हैं।

PersonSubjectiveObjectivePossessive adj.Possessive pron.
1st sing.Imemymine
2ndyouyouyouryours
3rd sing.he / she / ithim / her / ithis / her / itshis / hers
1st plur.weusourours
3rd plur.theythemtheirtheirs
Case in action.   She gave him a book. (subject "She", object "him") · This bag is mine, not yours.
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. You should talk to my about this matter.
  2. You should talk to mine about this matter.
  3. You should talk to me about this matter.
  4. You should talk to I about this matter.
✔ C. After a preposition we need the objective case → "me".✔ C. preposition के बाद कर्म कारक चाहिए → "me"।

"This pen is ___." Choose the correct word."This pen is ___." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. me
  2. mine
  3. my
  4. myself
✔ B. A possessive pronoun standing alone → "mine".✔ B. अकेला खड़ा possessive सर्वनाम → "mine"।

The objective case of "they" is:"they" का कर्म कारक है:

  1. their
  2. they
  3. theirs
  4. them
✔ D. they (subject) → them (object).✔ D. they (कर्ता) → them (कर्म)।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Take hers bag to the school.
  2. Take herself bag to the school.
  3. Take she bag to the school.
  4. Take her bag to the school.
✔ D. "her" is the possessive adjective before a noun.✔ D. संज्ञा से पहले possessive विशेषण "her" आता है।
🪞
Topic 02

Reflexive, Demonstrative, Indefinite & Relative

  • Reflexive — used when the subject and object are the same: myself, himself, themselves. "Raman solved it himself."निजवाचक (Reflexive) — जब कर्ता और कर्म एक ही हों: myself, himself, themselves। "Raman solved it himself."
  • Demonstrative — point to something: this, that, these, those, such. "These are incredible."संकेतवाचक (Demonstrative) — किसी चीज़ की ओर इशारा: this, that, these, those, such। "These are incredible."
  • Indefinite — refer to no specific person/thing: all, none, one, many, both, some, everyone.अनिश्चयवाचक (Indefinite) — किसी विशेष व्यक्ति/वस्तु को नहीं: all, none, one, many, both, some, everyone।
  • Relative — join a describing clause to a noun: who, whom (people), which (things), that (both).संबंधवाचक (Relative) — वर्णन-उपवाक्य को संज्ञा से जोड़ता है: who, whom (व्यक्ति), which (वस्तु), that (दोनों)।
Reflexive trap.Reflexive जाल। Do not use a reflexive as a plain subject/object: My brother and myself did it → My brother and I did it. reflexive को साधारण कर्ता/कर्म की तरह न लें: My brother and myself did it → My brother and I did it।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Raman solved the sum himself.
  2. Raman solved the sum his own.
  3. Raman solved the sum hisself.
  4. Raman solved the sum by his.
✔ A. The reflexive pronoun of "he" is "himself".✔ A. "he" का reflexive "himself" है।

Which is a relative pronoun for people?व्यक्ति के लिए कौन-सा संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम है?

  1. this
  2. who
  3. which
  4. some
✔ B. "who" refers to people; "which" refers to things.✔ B. "who" व्यक्ति के लिए; "which" वस्तु के लिए।

"___ books are incredible." Choose the demonstrative."___ books are incredible." संकेतवाचक चुनें।

  1. These
  2. This
  3. Who
  4. It
✔ A. Plural "books" needs the plural demonstrative "These".✔ A. बहुवचन "books" के लिए बहुवचन "These" चाहिए।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Myself and my brother did it.
  2. My brother and myself did it.
  3. Me and my brother did it.
  4. My brother and I did it.
✔ D. Use the subject pronoun "I", not the reflexive "myself".✔ D. कर्ता सर्वनाम "I" लें, reflexive "myself" नहीं।
🤝
Topic 03

Reciprocal, Interrogative & Distributive

  • Reciprocal — show a mutual action: each other (two people), one another (more than two). "Riya and Raman helped each other."पारस्परिक (Reciprocal) — परस्पर क्रिया: each other (दो), one another (दो से अधिक)। "Riya and Raman helped each other."
  • Interrogative — ask questions: who, whom, whose, which, what.प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) — प्रश्न पूछते हैं: who, whom, whose, which, what।
  • Distributive — pick out members singly: either, neither, each, everyone, any, one — they take a singular verb.विभाजक (Distributive) — सदस्यों को एक-एक करके चुनते हैं: either, neither, each, everyone, any, one — एकवचन क्रिया लेते हैं।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

Choose the correct sentence (two friends):सही वाक्य चुनें (दो मित्र):

  1. Riya and Raman helped each other.
  2. Riya and Raman helped one another.
  3. Riya and Raman helped each others.
  4. Riya and Raman helped themselves other.
✔ A. For exactly two people use "each other".✔ A. ठीक दो व्यक्तियों के लिए "each other" प्रयोग करें।

"___ of these two men is the owner." Choose the correct word."___ of these two men is the owner." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. Either
  2. Any
  3. One of
  4. All
✔ A. For a choice between two, use "either"; verb stays singular ("is").✔ A. दो में से चुनाव पर "either"; क्रिया एकवचन ("is")।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Neither of them have been capable.
  2. Neither of them are capable of this work.
  3. Neither of them is capable of this work.
  4. Neither of them were capable of this work.
✔ C. "Neither of" takes a singular verb → "is".✔ C. "Neither of" एकवचन क्रिया लेता है → "is"।

Which is an interrogative pronoun?कौन-सा प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम है?

  1. these
  2. myself
  3. whose
  4. each other
✔ C. "whose" asks a question about possession → interrogative.✔ C. "whose" स्वामित्व का प्रश्न पूछता है → interrogative।
⚖️
Topic 04

Important Pronoun Rules

  • Who / whom / whose: "who" asks about the subject, "whom" about the object, "whose" about possession.Who / whom / whose: "who" कर्ता के लिए, "whom" कर्म के लिए, "whose" स्वामित्व के लिए।
  • Order of pronouns (positive): second, third, first — 2-3-1: "You, he and I…". In a negative/blame sentence, use 1-2-3: "I, you and he are responsible."सर्वनामों का क्रम (सकारात्मक): दूसरा, तीसरा, पहला — 2-3-1: "You, he and I…". नकारात्मक/दोष वाले वाक्य में 1-2-3: "I, you and he are responsible."
  • After "than", "if" (were), "as": use the subjective case: "taller than I", "If I were she". After "let" and prepositions: use the objective case: "Let them go.""than", "if" (were), "as" के बाद: कर्ता कारक: "taller than I", "If I were she". "let" और preposition के बाद: कर्म कारक: "Let them go."
  • "One of those who…" takes a plural verb (refers to the group); "the only one of those who…" takes singular."One of those who…" बहुवचन क्रिया लेता है (समूह की ओर); "the only one of those who…" एकवचन।
  • Either…or / neither…nor: the verb agrees with the nearest subject.Either…or / neither…nor: क्रिया निकटतम कर्ता से मेल खाती है।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. He is taller than me.
  2. He is taller than mine.
  3. He is taller than myself.
  4. He is taller than I.
✔ D. After "than" the subjective case is used → "I" (than I am).✔ D. "than" के बाद कर्ता कारक → "I" (than I am)।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Let their go now.
  2. Let them go now.
  3. Let theirs go now.
  4. Let they go now.
✔ B. After "let" the objective case is used → "them".✔ B. "let" के बाद कर्म कारक → "them"।

Choose the correct order (positive sentence):सही क्रम चुनें (सकारात्मक वाक्य):

  1. I, he and you have decided to go.
  2. He, I and you have decided to go.
  3. You, he and I have decided to go.
  4. I, you and he have decided to go.
✔ C. Positive order is 2-3-1: You, he and I.✔ C. सकारात्मक क्रम 2-3-1: You, he and I।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Neither Raman nor his friends was enjoying the party.
  2. Neither Raman nor his friends were enjoying the party.
  3. Neither Raman nor his friends has enjoyed the party.
  4. Neither Raman nor his friends is enjoying the party.
✔ B. The verb agrees with the nearest subject "friends" (plural) → "were".✔ B. क्रिया निकटतम कर्ता "friends" (बहुवचन) से मेल खाती है → "were"।

Test Yourself · Pronoun

12 questions on pronoun types, case and agreement rules. Tap an option to check, then read Why.

सर्वनाम के प्रकार, कारक और मेल-नियम पर 12 प्रश्न। जाँचने के लिए विकल्प पर टैप करें, फिर Why पढ़ें।